How wild was the Wild West? (2024)

How wild was the Wild West? (1)

Anyone who has ever watched a Western knows all about how "wild" life was back then. Damsels in distress were tied to railroads, cowboys' cattle were rustled and the sheriff was usually a slacker with scant interest in enforcing what little law existed. In short, you risked getting lassoed into a gunfight every time you went to the saloon.

Well, at least that's moviemakers' take on it. But what do the historians have to say?

In reality, the West was a lot tamer than it's often portrayed in popular culture, but certain areas did have dangerous undercurrents of violence, experts told Live Science.

Related: Lassen Volcanic National Park: The West's most beautiful, least-visited wonderland (photos)

The Wild West encompassed a vast area stretching from the Rocky "Mountain states like Montana all the way down to Texas and then across to the West Coast," said Terry Anderson, professor emeritus of economics at Montana State University and co-author of "The Not So Wild, Wild West: Property Rights on the Frontier" (Stanford Economics and Finance, 2004). As far as a time period goes, we're talking about the 1850s, or pre-Civil War, all the way to 1900. "It was when the range was open and cattle could just graze anywhere," Anderson told Live Science.

Importantly, much of this vast expanse of terrain was pre-statehood at the time, which meant there wasn't much federal oversight.

This lack of a centralized government is partly responsible for our collective imagining of the Wild West as a rowdy and fierce place to live, Anderson explained. "It's depicted almost as a state of anarchy where there was fighting amongst the Indian tribes, [and] then along came the Europeans to join in," he said. While battles worthy of John Wayne's portrayals did happen (for instance, three people died in the 1881 Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in Arizona Territory), there were also periods of peace that lasted long enough for the settlers to figure out society's rules in a makeshift kind of a way.

"The Hollywood version shows anyone and everyone fighting over water rights and land, but what we discovered is that, in reality, people understood the negative consequences of fighting and instead found civil ways to resolve their disputes," Anderson said. For example, cattle owners often divided up extensive plots of land and formed associations to document and assign range rights. "Property rights were secure enough, and there was a market for it. The system worked pretty well, unless you were from an Indian tribe, of course," Anderson said.

Throughout this time, the land under American Indian control progressively shrank and their freedoms with it. Congress passed the Indian Appropriations Act in 1851, which enabled the creation of the first reservations where American Indians were forcibly relocated and prevented from leaving without permission.

Meanwhile, the Wild West wasn't some sort of small government utopia for the white settlers — and there's data to prove it. Mathieu Couttenier, a political economist at the University of Lyon in France, delved into the crime statistics of the frontier in the 1800s in a 2017 study in the Journal of the European Economic Association. Parts of the Wild West were demonstrably more violent than the Eastern states, especially in places where gold and other minerals were discovered, Couttenier and his colleagues found. For example, murder and physical assault weren’t uncommon.

In other words, when the resource in question was plentiful — such as land for cattle grazing — people were more likely to come to some sort of nonviolent arrangement. But if the resource was rarer and more valuable, such as a precious metal, people were more prone to throw punches (or worse) to get their way.

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"We're talking about a 3 to 4% increase in crime in counties with minerals and no federal control compared to those with no minerals and which were incorporated into the United States," Couttenier said. "I think that's a pretty sizable jump."

So, how wild was the Wild West? Probably a lot tamer than you imagined, but at times, it was certainly no picnic.

Originally published on Live Science.

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How wild was the Wild West? (2)

Benjamin Plackett

Live Science Contributor

Benjamin is a freelance science journalist with nearly a decade of experience, based in Australia. His writing has featured in Live Science, Scientific American, Discover Magazine, Associated Press, USA Today, Wired, Engadget, Chemical & Engineering News, among others. Benjamin has a bachelor's degree in biology from Imperial College, London, and a master's degree in science journalism from New York University along with an advanced certificate in science, health and environmental reporting.

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How wild was the Wild West? (2024)

FAQs

What was life really like in the Wild West? ›

Life was hard. Living in the West was physically demanding. The West was often a lawless place, where disputes were settled by violence. It was also a diverse place, where, on any given day, numerous people groups interacted.

What was wild about the Wild West? ›

Parts of the Wild West were demonstrably more violent than the Eastern states, especially in places where gold and other minerals were discovered, Couttenier and his colleagues found. For example, murder and physical assault weren't uncommon.

Was the Wild West lawless? ›

But again, such men were more the exception than the rule. So yeah, anyway, despite popular culture saying otherwise, there was not much above-average lawlessness in the Wild West.

What was considered wild Wild West? ›

The American frontier, also known as the Old West, and popularly known as the Wild West, encompasses the geography, history, folklore, and culture associated with the forward wave of American expansion in mainland North America that began with European colonial settlements in the early 17th century and ended with the ...

What was the most common death in the Wild West? ›

Even if they were in towns, most MDs had such limited knowledge that the biggest killer in the wild west was germs. Disease alone killed more than all the bullets and arrows fired throughout that era. It was followed by accidents and child birth.

What was the main cause of death in the Wild West? ›

Disease. Emigrants feared death from a variety of causes along the trail: lack of food or water; Indian attacks; accidents, or rattlesnake bites were a few. However, the number one killer, by a wide margin, was disease. The most dangerous diseases were those spread by poor sanitary conditions and personal contact.

Did the Wild West have electricity? ›

In cities and towns, electricity was used for street lighting, and it was also beginning to be used in homes and businesses for lighting and small motors. However, in rural areas, where most of the Wild West was located, electricity was not available, and people relied on kerosene lamps and other sources of light.

Did gunslingers exist? ›

Quick draw and hip shooting was a rare skill in the West, and only a handful of historically known gunslingers were known to be fast, such as Luke Short, John Wesley Hardin, and Wild Bill Hickok.

When was the Wild West at its peak? ›

The Golden Age of the West is usually held to have lasted from the American Civil War to the admission of most western states into the union around 1890. As the Civil War began in 1861, the northern states came to control the Congress, which could pass resolutions to colonize the western territories.

How rough was the Wild West? ›

Some mining towns were indeed as rough as the popular stereotype. Men, money, liquor, and disappointment were a recipe for violence. Fights were frequent, deaths were commonplace, and frontier justice reigned.

Does any of the Wild West still exist? ›

You can still find Old West towns to visit throughout the U.S., including Deadwood, SD; Cody, WY; Silverton, CO; and Sisters, OR. Some major cities, like San Diego, San Antonio, Fort Worth, and Jackson, also have Old Town Districts and historic sites commemorating their wild west history.

Did everyone have a gun in the Wild West? ›

Gun ownership was commonplace in the post-Civil War Old West, but actual gunfights were rare. One reason was that, contrary to the mythology, many frontier towns had strict gun laws, especially against carrying concealed weapons.

What did they call black cowboys? ›

In Antebellum Texas, White ranchers referred to White workers as "cow hands," with Black people in the same position referred to with the pejorative "cow boy." Prior to the abolition of slavery, the cattle trade was considered to offer a high degree of relative freedom to slaves, who would be issued guns, often left ...

How long did Wild West last? ›

The period of the Wild West was between the years 1865 and 1895—only 30 years! This was very brief for so many iconic characters that still serve as role models among American heroes.

Who were the last gunslingers? ›

After murdering an estimated 25 men (mostly law officers), committing at least 43 robberies, 12 or more one-on-one hold ups and making at least six jail breaks Harry Tracy, the last gunfighter of the Old West, was dead at age 27.

What was it like to be a cowboy in the Wild West? ›

Cowboys herded cattle, cared for horses, made repairs to fences and buildings, worked cattle drives and sometimes lived in frontier towns. They were not always welcome as they travelled, as they had reputations of being drunk, disorderly and even violent.

Were there really gunfights in the Old West? ›

Actual gunfights in the Old West were very rare, very few and far between, but when gunfights did occur, the cause for each varied. Some were simply the result of the heat of the moment, while others were longstanding feuds, or between bandits and lawmen.

How hard was life in the 1800s? ›

Life for the average person in the 1800's was hard. Many lived a hand-to-mouth existence, working long hours in often harsh conditions. There was no electricity, running water or central heating.

What was life like for settlers in the West? ›

As settlers and homesteaders moved westward to improve the land given to them through the Homestead Act, they faced a difficult and often insurmountable challenge. The land was difficult to farm, there were few building materials, and harsh weather, insects, and inexperience led to frequent setbacks.

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